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Yuri Gagarin first man in space

Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin (Юрий Алексеевич Гагарин) was born March 9, 1934 and died March 27, 1968. Hero of the Soviet Union, he the history of mankind and the conquest of space by becoming the first man to travel into space April 12, 1961, making a complete revolution around the Earth. His debut

Klouchino Gagarin was born near Gjatsk in Smolensk Oblast. The city was renamed Gagarin Gjatsk in his honor in 1968. Yuri's father, Aleksei Ivanovich Gagarin (1902-1973), was a carpenter and his mother, Anna Timofyevna Matveïeva (1903-1984) was renowned as a farmer and avid reading. The whole family Gagarin lived under Nazi occupation during WWII World. The two older brothers were taken to Germany, apparently as a conscript in 1943, they returned after the war ended.

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In 1949, after high school, Yuri enters school agricultural machinery of Lioubertsy. He stayed there for two years. It then Saratov Industrial Technical School during the following four years. During this period he joined an amateur flying club. He entered flight school Orenburg in 1955, and met Valentina Goryacheva. He married her in 1957 after obtaining his palms as a fighter pilot aboard a MiG-15. After this degree, it is assigned to the airbase Luostari in the Murmansk region near the Norwegian border. Adult, Gagarin was about 1 meter 58, it was an advantage to enter the small Vostok cockpit.

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Selection and Training

In 1960, after a long process of research and breeding, Yuri Gagarin was selected with nineteen other cosmonauts for the Soviet space program. He joined the military first group of astronauts (TsPK-1). All experiments followed to test their physical endurance and psychological well as train them in future flight. The final choice fell on Gagarin and Gherman Titov for their excellent performance in training and their size (the square being restricted in module Vostok). The assignment of Gagarin for this mission, approved at the highest level of the CPSU, is certainly due to his humble origins and his personality open. Conversely, Titov came from a middle class. Soviet officials took into account other factors such as the appearance of Yuri and his ability to attract the attention of the media.

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mission

On 12 April 1961, Gagarin becomes the first man to travel into space in the capsule Vostok 3KA-2 (Vostok 1). It takes off from Baikonur (Kazakhstan) at 9 pm 07 (time Moscow 6:07 GMT) and then performs a revolution 1 hour 48 min around the Earth at an average altitude of 250 km (apogee: 327 km and perigee 180 km). It arises at about 10 h 55 (Moscow time, 7:55 GMT) near Saratov (city on the Volga River about 700 km southeast of Moscow). A few kilometers from the ground, he was ejected from its capsule and had completed the rest of his parachute descent.

His call sign during flight is "Кедр," designating the Siberian pine. While in orbit Gagarin was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant to that of Major.

Gagarin made one orbit in 108 minutes, and returned unharmed, he was ejected from the Vostok capsule 7 km from the ground and landed with his parachute. In fact, the landing of the capsule would have been too rough for cosmonauts.

Ground controllers did not know if a stable orbit had been achieved until 25 minutes after takeoff. The attitude control of the vehicle was operated by an automated system. The medical team and engineers did not know how our bodies react the absence of gravity. For this reason, the pilot's controls were locked to prevent Gagarin to take manual control. Codes to unlock the controls were placed in an envelope on board, the use of Gagarin in an emergency. Vostok could not change the orbit, only attitude in orbit. During much of the flight, the altitude of the vessel was allowed to fluctuate. The automated system has reduced Vostok 1 in alignment for braking after about an hour.

switch on retrorockets took place at the western coast of Africa, near Angola, about 8 000 km from the landing site selected, and they functioned for about 42 seconds. For reasons of weight, there was no alternative retrorockets. The ship was loaded with provisions for 10 days until the natural decay of the orbit if the retro-rockets would not work.

After braking, the equipment module of Vostok remained involuntarily fixed reentry module by a set of straps. Two-thirds of the spacecraft were supposed to separate ten seconds after the end of braking, but this occurred only after ten minutes. The ship meanwhile undergoes chaotic gyrations before the straps do not burn and the descent module takes its own attitude back.

Vostok 1 is still 7 km from the ground. The hatch is open, and two seconds later ejected from Vostok Gagarin. At 2.5 km altitude, the main parachute is deployed. The ship and its landing parachute at 26 kilometers southwest of Engels in the Saratov region, 1 hour and 48 minutes after takeoff. The Vostok 1 landed at 07 h 55 UT. Gagarin, because his parachute opened at an altitude greater than the Vostok 1 (7 km to 2.5 km), landing 05 to 08 h UT. Two schoolgirls have witnessed the landing of Vostok and described the scene: "It was a large ball, about two to three meters.

She fell, then rebounded and is yet settled. There was a huge hole where she fell the first time. A farmer and his daughter watched the scene of a character with a big bright orange white helmet with him landing by parachute. Gagarin was reported to have said: "When they saw me in my spacesuit and parachute dragging my walking, they started flee in fear. I told them, do not be afraid, I am a Soviet like you, who returns from space and must find a telephone to call Moscow! "

In the late 1990s, a controversy over the recognition of this first space flight was born, as Gagarin had not finished the mission aboard the capsule. She died when it was argued that the ejection of the cosmonaut had been planned before its launch and was therefore part of normal operation. Became a hero of the Soviet Union, and assigned to the program the new Soyuz spacecraft, it will however never allowed to return to space after the dramatic death of Vladimir Komarov he was lining to this tragic flight. The largest museum of aeronautics and space in Monino Russia located now bears his name.

Death and legend

After his flight, Gagarin became the director of coaching for Star City and began a conversion as a fighter pilot. On 27 March 1968, his instructor Vladimir Seriogine (a war hero) and he died aboard a MiG-15 UTI during a routine mission. To date, the circumstances of the death of Gagarin are not fully understood. However, the official version is:

"The MiG-15 UTI on board which were Yuri Gagarin and his instructor Vladimir Sergeïevitch Seriogine (born July 7, 1922, the Heroes of Soviet Union) crashed March 27, 1968 at 10 am to 31 near the village of Novossiolovo 18 km from the town of Kirzhach in Vladimir Oblast. The accident occurred in poor visibility conditions, the boundary of the clouds is 300 meters above the ground. The unit was conducting a spin and he missed a few seconds for pilots to recover. "

Soviet propaganda stated that Gagarin was not ejected for fear of its MIG-15 crashed into a school. This information quickly proved completely false, the theory of pilot error and technical failure were preferred ejection. A witness, Valentin Surkov, for its part claimed that the sky was clear and that the aircraft had fallen as if the pilots had been able to recover. He said he would have been found near the village of Riazantsy and City Kroutets. Gagarin and Seriogine were both buried in the Kremlin wall.